Help to Buy and the First Home Scheme are the two biggest state supports an Irish first-time buyer can use in 2026 — and the two people mix up most. One is a tax refund that rebuilds your deposit (up to €30,000). The other is a shared-equity top-up that closes the gap between your mortgage plus deposit and the price of a new home (up to 30%). Both exist for the same reason: first-time buyers were 40.4% of all Irish purchases in the year to June 2026, the market’s dominant buyer, and both schemes exist to get more of them over the line (CSO, June 2026).
They are different products with different rules, different limits and a surprisingly strict stacking rule — and they change at Budget time. This guide sets out how Help to Buy Ireland 2026 and the First Home Scheme (FHS) actually work: who qualifies, what each pays, and how to combine them without tripping the rules. All rules below were verified against Revenue, Citizens Information and the First Home Scheme’s own pages on 5 September 2026 — Budget 2027 lands on 6 October, and caps and income rules have historically moved at Budget time, so re-check the official links before you commit.
Help to Buy vs First Home Scheme at a glance
| Help to Buy (HTB) | First Home Scheme (FHS) | |
|---|---|---|
| What it is | Tax refund (income tax + DIRT you already paid) toward your deposit | Shared-equity: the State and banks pay part of the price in return for a stake |
| Who it is for | First-time buyers only | First-time buyers and “fresh start” applicants |
| Property type | New build or self-build only — no second-hand | New build in a private development, or self-build; second-hand only via Tenant Home Purchase (landlord selling your rental) |
| Maximum support | €30,000 or 10% of the price/valuation, whichever is lower (and never more than tax paid in the prior 4 years) | 30% of the price/build cost (20% if you also use HTB); minimum 2.5% or €10,000 |
| Price ceiling | €500,000 (market value) | Local-authority ceiling by county; €500,000 across all Dublin local authorities |
| Mortgage rule | Mortgage must be at least 70% loan-to-value | Borrow the maximum available from a participating lender (no Macro Prudential Exception); no income cap |
| Deposit | 10% standard FTB deposit — HTB refund goes toward it | Minimum 10% deposit (HTB can contribute toward it) |
| Where you apply | Revenue, via myAccount (PAYE) or ROS (self-assessed) | Online at firsthomescheme.ie after mortgage approval in principle |
| Deadline | Contract signed (or self-build drawdown) by 31 December 2029 | No announced end date; ceilings reviewed regularly |
Rules verified 5 September 2026 (Citizens Information — HTB, Citizens Information — FHS, FirstHomeScheme.ie).
Help to Buy 2026: how it works
Help to Buy is not a grant. It is a refund of income tax and DIRT you paid in the four tax years before the year you apply — money you already gave Revenue, handed back to go into your deposit. You cannot claim back PRSI or USC.
The amount is the lesser of four figures:
- €30,000, or
- 10% of the market value of a new-build home you are buying (or 10% of the approved valuation if self-building), or
- the income tax and DIRT you actually paid in Ireland in the four years before the year of application, and
- for any home priced under €300,000, the 10% figure is the binding one — €30,000 only applies once 10% of the price reaches it.
So the maximum is €30,000 per property (not per applicant — two buyers on one mortgage share one €30,000 cap), and you only receive it if you paid at least that much income tax and DIRT in the qualifying four years. A buyer who paid €18,000 in income tax over four years can claim €18,000, not €30,000. On a €400,000 new build, 10% is €40,000, so the €30,000 cap binds; on a €250,000 home, 10% is €25,000 and that is your ceiling (Citizens Information — HTB; CCPC).
Who qualifies for HTB in 2026
- First-time buyer status: you must never have bought or built a home in Ireland or abroad — including with a former partner. Inheriting or being gifted a property does not automatically disqualify you, but contact Revenue to check your position.
- The property must be new. A newly built house or apartment (never lived in, or a non-residential conversion), or a self-build. Second-hand homes never qualify, no matter how good the price.
- Price or approved valuation of €500,000 or less.
- You must live in it as your main home for at least five years — HTB is not available for investment properties, and Revenue claws the payment back on a sliding scale if you leave early (100% after year one, down to 20% after year five).
- A mortgage of at least 70% loan-to-value with a qualifying lender. FHS equity is not counted toward this 70% test — only your mortgage is (see the stacking section, because this catches people out).
- Tax compliance. You must be fully tax-compliant for the four years before the claim, with Revenue forms 12 (PAYE) and/or 11 (self-assessed) filed and any arrears paid, and be registered for myAccount or ROS.
- A Revenue-approved contractor. If you buy a new build, the developer or contractor must be on Revenue’s approved list — buying from one that is not means no HTB, whatever your own paperwork says (Revenue contractor list).
The Help to Buy deadline: 31 December 2029
The enhanced HTB rules (the €30,000/10% version) apply where you sign a contract for a new house, or draw down a self-build mortgage, between 23 July 2020 and 31 December 2029. “Help to Buy deadline 2026” searches usually mean one of two things: either the scheme is ending (it is not — not yet), or Budget 2026 confirmed the extension, giving certainty to anyone buying in 2026 (Budget 2026 legal guide). The date that matters is your contract date, not your application date — and note the scheme has been extended before, so a Budget 2027 announcement could move the goalposts again.
How HTB is paid
If you buy a new build, the refund is paid directly to the contractor and used to reduce the price you pay — you never handle the cash. If you self-build, it is paid into the bank account you hold with your mortgage lender. The process runs in three online stages — application, claim and verification — through Revenue’s myAccount (PAYE) or ROS (self-assessed taxpayers), with the contractor (new build) or your solicitor (self-build) verifying the claim (Revenue — how to apply for HTB).
First Home Scheme 2026: how it works
The First Home Scheme is a shared-equity scheme: the State (via the FHS) and participating banks pay part of the price of your new home in return for a percentage stake in it. You do not pay interest on that stake, and you can buy it back later — partly or fully, at any time — but you do not have to.
The scheme exists to bridge the affordability gap: the difference between what your maximum mortgage plus your 10% deposit can cover and what the home actually costs. In Dublin in 2026 that gap is the difference between renting and owning for most first-time buyers — with the median Dublin home at €500,000 (CSO), a 10% deposit is €50,000 and a 4×-income mortgage needs a household income of €112,500 to cover the rest without help.
How much FHS equity can you get?
- Up to 30% of the purchase price or build cost if you are not using Help to Buy.
- Up to 20% if you are also using Help to Buy (the stacking rule — see below).
- The minimum is 2.5% of the price or €10,000, whichever is higher — the FHS will not fund a token €5,000 gap.
- At Dublin’s €500,000 ceiling that means up to €150,000 of equity without HTB, or €100,000 with it (FirstHomeScheme.ie — rules and eligibility).
The stake is in the value, not the original price. If the FHS takes 10% of your €350,000 home (€35,000) and the home is worth €400,000 when you buy the stake back, you repay 10% of €400,000 — €40,000, plus any service charge. Price growth makes the buy-back more expensive; falls make it cheaper. The percentage never changes.
Service charges start in year six. The first five years are free. From year six, an annual charge applies on the original FHS amount: 1.75% for years 6–15, 2.15% for years 16–29, and 2.85% from year 30 — payable annually or monthly, reducible or deferrable if you hit hardship, but ultimately payable when you redeem, sell or die (Citizens Information — FHS).
First Home Scheme income limits 2026: there are none
The most-searched “first home scheme income limits” question has a counter-intuitive answer: the FHS has no household income cap. The scheme operator is explicit: “there are no specific household income limits required to participate in the FHS,” and no upper limit either (FirstHomeScheme.ie). Eligibility is gated by borrowing capacity, not salary:
- You must get mortgage approval with a participating lender — AIB (including Haven and EBS), Bank of Ireland or PTSB.
- You must borrow the maximum available to you under Central Bank rules — up to 4 times gross income for first-time buyers — and you cannot use a Macro Prudential Exception (MPE) to get there.
- You need a minimum 10% deposit (Help to Buy can contribute toward it).
- The property must sit within your local authority’s price ceiling.
That income-cap myth matters in practice: high earners in Dublin can qualify for FHS if their maximum mortgage still leaves a gap against a €500,000 ceiling — while a lower earner whose 4× mortgage covers 90% of the price may not need it at all. If you are comparing schemes, remember it is the Local Authority Home Loan and the Affordable Purchase Scheme that carry income thresholds — the FHS does not (MortgageLine 2026 scheme guide).
Who qualifies for the FHS
- First-time buyer or “fresh start” applicant, 18 or over, with a right to live in Ireland. “Fresh start” means you previously owned a home but no longer have a financial interest because of separation/divorce or personal insolvency/bankruptcy. Co-applicants must also qualify.
- New build in a private development, bought as your principal private residence, or a self-build (detached or semi-detached) on a site you own, or — the one second-hand route — the home you currently rent where your landlord is selling it (Tenant Home Purchase, which needs a valid notice of termination and does not combine with HTB).
- A home completed in the last three years and never lived in can still qualify as a new build, with a letter from the developer’s engineer or quantity surveyor covering new-build status, planning and building standards, and no visible mica or pyrite.
- No MPE, no existing mortgage Letter of Offer for that property — if you already have full mortgage approval with no shortfall, there is no gap for the FHS to fill (Citizens Information — FHS).
Eligibility check: the FTB schemes flowchart
Run this decision flow top to bottom — both schemes demand every gate passes.
START: Are you a first-time buyer (never owned a home, at home or abroad)?
│
├─ NO → Are you a "fresh start" applicant (post-separation / post-insolvency,
│ with no remaining interest in the old home)?
│ ├─ NO → ✗ Neither scheme is open to you
│ └─ YES → continue
│
└─ YES → continue
│
2. Will the home be your main residence (5+ years for HTB; PPR for FHS)?
├─ NO (investment / rental) → ✗ Not eligible
└─ YES → continue
│
3. Is the property a NEW build (or self-build)?
├─ New build from a Revenue-approved contractor → HTB route open
├─ New build in a private development → FHS route open
├─ Self-build → both routes open
└─ Second-hand / auction / receiver sale → ✗ HTB: never. FHS: only if it is
the home you rent and your landlord is selling (Tenant Home Purchase)
│
4. Price within ceiling? HTB: ≤ €500,000
FHS: ≤ local-authority ceiling (see county table)
├─ Over ceiling → ✗ Not eligible (no partial claims)
└─ Within → continue
│
5. Mortgage sorted? HTB: qualifying lender, ≥ 70% LTV
FHS: participating lender, maximum borrowable, NO MPE
└─ Fails → ✗ HTB: mortgage too small. FHS: borrow less than your max or using
an MPE → not eligible
│
6. Deposit? 10% minimum in both cases (HTB refund can be part of your 10%)
└─ Below 10% (after counting HTB) → ✗ FHS declined
│
7. Tax affairs in order (HTB)? Fully compliant for the 4 years before claim,
forms filed, arrears paid, myAccount/ROS registered
└─ Not compliant → ✗ HTB application stops at stage one
│
└─ ALL GATES PASS → ✅ Apply: HTB via Revenue; FHS via firsthomescheme.ie
FHS price ceilings by local authority area (2026)
The FHS ceiling — the maximum purchase price or self-build cost — is set per local authority area and reviewed regularly (in practice every six months or so). The current table, verified on the First Home Scheme’s own site on 5 September 2026 (Property Price Ceilings):
| Local authority area | House | Apartment | Self-build |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cork City; Dublin City; Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown; Fingal; South Dublin; Co Wicklow | €500,000 | €500,000 | €500,000 |
| Galway City; Co Kildare; Co Meath | €475,000 | €475,000 | €475,000 |
| Co Cork; Co Galway; Limerick City & County | €450,000 | €450,000 | €450,000 |
| Co Kerry; Co Louth; Co Mayo | €425,000 | €425,000 | €425,000 |
| Waterford City & County | €400,000 | €450,000 | €400,000 |
| Co Clare, Donegal, Kilkenny, Laois, Leitrim, Roscommon, Sligo, Westmeath, Wexford | €400,000 | €400,000 | €400,000 |
| Co Carlow, Cavan, Longford, Monaghan, Offaly, Tipperary | €375,000 | €375,000 | €375,000 |
Two practical notes. Duplexes count as houses when the main door opens externally, and as apartments when it opens into a shared common area — a difference of up to €75,000 of ceiling in some areas. And because ceilings are reviewed, a table on a third-party blog can easily be a year out of date: the figures above are the current official ones, but check firsthomescheme.ie for the local authority you are buying in before you view.
Dublin in 2026: where the ceilings meet the market
Dublin’s four local authority areas — Dublin City, Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown, Fingal and South Dublin — all sit on the €500,000 ceiling for houses, apartments and self-builds. On the current Dublin median of €500,000, that means the ceiling still covers a median-priced home in theory (CSO) — but the schemes only apply to new builds, and new build prices in Dublin cluster around the ceiling. The FTB maths:
- Median Dublin home €500,000 → 10% deposit €50,000; a 4×-income mortgage needs €112,500 household income to cover the rest.
- HTB refunds up to €30,000 of that deposit on a new build — but a €500,000 new build at 10% deposit still leaves €20,000 of deposit to fund yourself, plus fees of roughly €7,000–€10,000 on top.
- FHS equity of 30% at the €500,000 ceiling is worth up to €150,000 — the difference between a mortgage that stops at €350,000 and a new home at €500,000.
Where in Dublin does this actually bite? The FTB-heavy districts with sub-€350,000 medians are overwhelmingly second-hand stock — Dublin 12 (€324,000), Dublin 7 (€330,000) and Dublin 8 (€305,000) on the PPR-based district series (Dublish) — and schemes do not apply to second-hand homes. HTB and FHS are realistic in Dublin where new apartments and houses are actually being built: the inner-city and Luas-corridor regeneration schemes (Dublin 7 and Dublin 8 included), the fast-growing commuter belt in Fingal, and the large suburban developments in South Dublin. If you are weighing a scheme-eligible new build against an older home in an FTB district, read our guide to the best areas to buy in Dublin in 2026, the Dublin 7 deep-dive and the Dublin 8 investment guide — the district guides carry the medians, growth and yield data you need to price the trade-off. Areas with cheaper new builds (Dublin 11, Dublin 15, Dublin 17 in Fingal; parts of South Dublin) stretch the schemes furthest.
Can you combine Help to Buy and the First Home Scheme? (Stacking rules)
Yes — for new builds and self-builds only — and it is the most valuable combination in Irish first-time buying. But stacking changes the numbers, and three rules decide whether it works for you:
- FHS equity drops from 30% to 20% when you also use HTB. The schemes cap combined support at what a 10%-deposit, 70%-mortgage structure implies: HTB (up to 10% of the price) is effectively your deposit top-up, FHS tops out at 20%, and your mortgage must carry at least 70% (Citizens Information — FHS).
- The 70% LTV test for HTB counts only your mortgage. FHS equity is explicitly not counted. If your maximum mortgage is under 70% of the price, you cannot add HTB even though the FHS is filling the gap — the Revenue example is a €300,000 home with a €180,000 mortgage (60% LTV) and €45,000 FHS: no HTB (Citizens Information — HTB).
- The FHS cannot be combined with the Local Authority Affordable Purchase Scheme or the Local Authority Home Loan, and you cannot take a Macro Prudential Exception and FHS together. Pick a lane before you apply (MortgageLine 2026 scheme guide).
A worked example of the full stack
A couple in Dublin, household income €80,000, buying a €400,000 new-build two-bed apartment:
| Component | Amount | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Maximum mortgage (4× €80,000) | €320,000 | 80% LTV — clears HTB’s 70% test |
| Deposit (10% of price) | €40,000 | HTB refund up to €30,000 + €10,000 own savings |
| Covered so far | €360,000 | mortgage + deposit |
| Gap for FHS | €40,000 | 10% equity — under the 20% cap when stacking |
| Total | €400,000 | couple owns 90%; FHS holds 10% |
The couple buys with €10,000 of their own cash plus four years of their own income tax redirected through HTB — versus €40,000 saved the slow way, or being priced out entirely. Swap in a €500,000 home and the gap (and the FHS share) grows; the eligibility calculator on the FHS site does the precise maths for your income and chosen property (FHS eligibility calculator).
One warning for stackers: because the FHS requires you to borrow your maximum and HTB requires your mortgage to be at least 70% LTV, the stack only works in the band where your 4×-income mortgage lands between 70% and 90% of the price. Below 70%, no HTB. At 90% (a mortgage of €360,000 on a €400,000 home), there is no affordability gap left for the FHS. The stack is a middle-band tool.
Step by step: how to apply in 2026
Help to Buy — via Revenue
- Check the contractor is on Revenue’s approved list for new builds (list), or confirm your solicitor is registered as an HTB approver for self-builds.
- Application stage: sign into myAccount (PAYE) or ROS (self-assessed) and open the Help to Buy service under Property and Land Services. Apply as a group if two or more names are on the mortgage. Tax-compliant applicants get an approval summary with your maximum claim.
- Claim stage: after you sign the contract, upload the mortgage and property documents and confirm the property details and each applicant’s share of the refund.
- Verification stage: your contractor (new build) or solicitor (self-build) verifies the claim; the refund goes to the contractor or your mortgage-lender account.
- Keep the paperwork — your claim reference numbers, contract and tax records. If you leave the home within five years, expect a clawback (Revenue — applying for HTB).
First Home Scheme — via your lender and the FHS portal
- Check you qualify with the FHS eligibility calculator — you will need the local authority area of the property.
- Get mortgage approval in principle from a participating lender (AIB/Haven/EBS, Bank of Ireland or PTSB), borrowing the maximum available under Central Bank rules — no MPE.
- Apply online at application.firsthomescheme.ie with your approval in principle, photo ID and your solicitor’s details.
- The FHS issues an Eligibility Certificate (this does not guarantee funding).
- Once you have a full Mortgage Letter of Offer from your lender, the FHS issues a Customer Contract and reserves funds while it is valid.
- At closing, the FHS pays its share to the developer/lender and the equity stake is registered against the home. The first five years carry no service charge; redeem the stake anytime from year one (Citizens Information — FHS).
Why applications get rejected (and how to avoid it)
Most rejections are preventable, and they cluster into five groups:
- Tax non-compliance (HTB). Unfiled returns, outstanding arrears, or no myAccount/ROS registration in the qualifying four years. Fix this first — it is the cheapest rejection to avoid, and the most common.
- Not actually a first-time buyer. Previous ownership anywhere in the world counts — including with an ex-partner, and including inherited homes in some cases. FHS “fresh start” routes exist for separation and insolvency, but the paperwork must show you have no remaining interest.
- Income and borrowing structure (FHS). Taking an MPE, borrowing less than your maximum, or holding a full mortgage Letter of Offer for the property — if there is no gap, there is no FHS. And if your maximum mortgage lands below 70% LTV, HTB drops out of the stack too.
- Property not eligible. Over the ceiling (no partial claims), second-hand, a new build from a developer not on Revenue’s HTB list, or a “new build” that was lived in or lacks the engineer/QS certification the FHS requires.
- Deposit and intent. Less than a 10% deposit (HTB included), or no genuine intention to live there for five years (HTB) / as your principal private residence (FHS). Investment intent is a disqualifier for both.
Auction and receiver properties: not eligible for the schemes
Short answer: no — neither scheme works on auction, receiver or bank-repossessed properties, and the reasons are structural, not just administrative:
- HTB is new-build only, and the contractor must be Revenue-approved. Auction stock is overwhelmingly second-hand, and receiver sales of part-finished new builds are not sold through the normal contractor route the scheme requires.
- FHS covers new builds in private developments and self-builds (plus the narrow Tenant Home Purchase case). A home sold by a receiver, bank or at auction is not a qualifying new build, and auctions run on unconditional contracts with no finance contingency — you cannot make the sale subject to scheme approval, HTB verification or even a mortgage, which makes scheme-funded auction bidding a practical non-starter.
- If your budget only reaches the auction market (€200k–€300k repo terraces in Dublin’s inner city and west), the schemes will not help you there. Help to Buy and the First Home Scheme are new-build tools — the trade-off is between a scheme-supported new build further out, and an older home bought on savings alone.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between Help to Buy and the First Home Scheme?
Help to Buy refunds up to €30,000 of income tax and DIRT you paid in the previous four years, toward the deposit on a new build or self-build. The First Home Scheme is a shared-equity scheme that pays up to 30% of the price (20% if you also use HTB) in return for a stake in the home. HTB shrinks your deposit burden; FHS shrinks the mortgage you need.
Can I use Help to Buy and the First Home Scheme together?
Yes, on new builds and self-builds — but combining them caps FHS equity at 20% rather than 30%, and your mortgage must still be at least 70% of the price for HTB. You cannot combine FHS with the Local Authority Affordable Purchase Scheme or the Local Authority Home Loan.
Are there income limits for the First Home Scheme in 2026?
No. The FHS has no household income cap — eligibility turns on borrowing capacity: maximum mortgage from a participating lender (up to 4× income, no MPE), a 10% deposit, and a property within the local-authority price ceiling. The income thresholds people search for belong to other schemes, like the Local Authority Home Loan and Affordable Purchase.
Is Help to Buy only for new builds?
Yes — a newly built home from a Revenue-approved contractor, or a self-build. Second-hand homes never qualify. If you are buying the second-hand home you rent because your landlord is selling, the First Home Scheme’s Tenant Home Purchase product is the only state equity route, and it cannot be combined with HTB.
What is the Help to Buy deadline in 2026?
The enhanced scheme runs to 31 December 2029: you must sign the contract for a new build (or draw down the self-build mortgage) by then. Budget announcements have extended it before, so treat 2029 as the current legal deadline, not a rumour.
Do I still need a 10% deposit with these schemes?
Yes. Both schemes assume the standard first-time buyer deposit of 10% (a Central Bank lending-limit requirement for homes up to €500,000). HTB refunds part of your own tax paid toward that deposit — it does not remove the deposit, it rebuilds it. FHS requires a minimum 10% deposit, which HTB can contribute toward.
What is the maximum I can get from both schemes combined?
HTB pays at most €30,000 (or 10% of the price on homes under €300,000). FHS alone adds up to 30% equity; stacked with HTB it adds up to 20%. On a Dublin home at the €500,000 ceiling, the combined stack is worth up to €130,000: €30,000 deposit refund plus €100,000 equity.
What happens to the First Home Scheme stake if prices rise?
Your equity share is a fixed percentage of the home’s value, so if prices rise the euro amount you must repay to buy out the stake rises with it — a 10% stake in a home that rises from €350,000 to €400,000 costs €40,000, not €35,000. The service charge (from year six) and any buy-back are calculated on the current value.
Can I buy a home at auction with Help to Buy or the First Home Scheme?
No. HTB requires a new build from a Revenue-approved contractor; FHS requires a qualifying new build in a private development (or self-build, or the Tenant Home Purchase route). Auction and receiver sales are second-hand, unconditional and unverifiable through the schemes.
Where do I apply?
HTB is applied for online through Revenue — myAccount for PAYE, ROS for self-assessed. FHS is applied for through the First Home Scheme’s own portal after you have mortgage approval in principle from a participating lender.
Bottom line
In 2026, the two schemes answer two different questions. Help to Buy answers “how do I rebuild a deposit I already paid to the taxman?” — up to €30,000 back on a new build or self-build under €500,000, contract signed by 31 December 2029. The First Home Scheme answers “how do I cover the gap between my maximum mortgage and the price of a new home?” — up to 30% shared equity (20% if stacked), no income cap, and price ceilings that run to €500,000 across all four Dublin local authorities.
The strategy that wins in Dublin: find the new-build developments in the districts where the numbers work for your income (Fingal and South Dublin for value; Dublin 7 and Dublin 8 regeneration schemes for location), stack HTB’s deposit refund with FHS’s 20% equity where your mortgage clears 70% LTV, and keep €10,000–€20,000 of genuine savings plus fees on top — because the schemes shrink the deposit, they do not erase it. And because Budget 2027 lands on 6 October 2026, verify the caps and ceilings on the official pages before you sign anything.
Next steps
- Grab the FTB Before-You-Bid Checklist — the 12-point viewing-to-key handover list every first-time buyer should run before they commit.
- Run your own numbers on the official First Home Scheme eligibility calculator and Revenue’s Help to Buy service (myAccount/ROS).
- Book a free 15-minute buyer consultation — tell us your income, deposit and target area, and we will tell you which scheme stack applies and which new-build schemes in Dublin fit it.
- Read next: best areas to buy in Dublin in 2026 (the hub), the Dublin 7 house-price deep-dive, and the Dublin 8 (Liberties & Inchicore) investment guide — plus the full Buying Guide archive for deposit and process explainers.
Rules and figures verified 5 September 2026 against Citizens Information, Revenue, FirstHomeScheme.ie, the CSO and the CCPC. Scheme parameters have changed at Budget time in each of the past two years — re-verify before you rely on them after Budget 2027 (6 October 2026).







